Pathogenic characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to carbapenems and polymyxin / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: Analysis and investigation of pathogenic characteristics of polymyxin-and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (PR-CRKP). Methods: A total of 23 PR-CRKP strains isolated from clinical specimens from the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command from March 2019 to July 2021 were retrospectively collected, Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 23 PR-CRKP strains, resistance genes were identified by comparison of the CARD and the ResFinder database, high-resolution typing of PR-CRKP strains was analyzed by core genomic multilocus sequencing (cgMLST) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP); polymyxin resistance genes were determined by PCR and sequencing. Results: All PR-CRKP strains were KPC-2 producing ST11 types. cgMLST results showed that the evolutionary distance between the PR-CRKP strains and Klebsiella pneumoniae in mainland China was 66.44 on average, which is more closely related than foreign strains; the 23 PR-CRKP strains were divided into 3 main subclusters based on SNP phylogenetic trees, with some aggregation among Clade 2-1 in the isolation department and date. The two-component negative regulatory gene mgrB has seven mutation types including point mutations, different insertion fragments and different insertion positions. Conclusion: The close affinity of PR-CRKP strains indicate the possibility of nosocomial clonal transmission and the need to strengthen surveillance of PR-CRKP strains to prevent epidemic transmission of PR-CRKP.

Buyang Huanwutang Promoted Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells via Regulating Autophagy Following Oxygen-glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation Injury / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of Buyang Huanwutang （BHT） on proliferation and differentiation in neural stem cells （NSCs） after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation （OGD/R） injury. Method:NSCs isolated from the hippocampus of SD rats were cultured and randomly divided into a normoxia group， a model group， a BHT group， a rapamycin （Rapa） group， and a combination group ［autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine （3-MA） combined with BHT］. The 20% blank serum was used in the normoxia group， and 20% BHT-medicated serum in the BHT group. The doses of Rapa and 3-MA were 1 μmol·L^-1 and 5 mmol·L^-1， respectively. The cells were subjected to OGD/R except those in the normoxia group. The cell morphology was observed under a light microscope. NSCs were confirmed by immunofluorescence detection of nestin expression. The viability and proliferation of NSCs were assessed by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay and 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine （EdU） labeling， respectively. Furthermore， Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B fluorescence assay was performed to investigate autophagy. The effect of BHT on autophagy-related protein expression was detected by western blot assay. Brain derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， <italic>β</italic>-tubulin Ⅲ， and glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） were evaluated by immunofluorescence assay. Result:OGD/R significantly reduced the cell viability of rat NSCs as compared with the normoxia group. Compared with the model group， the BHT group exhibited significantly improved viability of rat NSCs （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. BHT induced the production of autophagosomes in NSCs after OGD. The BHT group showed increased expression of microtuble-associated protein 1 light chain 3Ⅱ (LC3Ⅱ） and Beclin-1 （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01） and slightly changed p62 compared with the normoxia group， and significantly up-regulated LC3Ⅱ and Beclin-1 （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01） and down-regulated expression of p62 （<italic>P</italic><0.01） compared with the model group. The Rapa group had similar effect as the BHT group （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while the combination group inhibited the activity of autophagy （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. As indicated by the results of ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B， compared with the normoxia group， the model group showed increased fluorescence intensity （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the BHT and Rapa groups could further increased the fluorescence intensity of autophagy （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while the combination group inhibited autophagy activity （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Immunofluorescence results revealed that compared with the normoxia group， the model group displayed significantly reduced positive cells of EdU， <italic>β</italic>-tubulin Ⅲ， GFAP， and BDNF （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the BHT and Rapa groups exerted similar protective and promoting effects （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while the combination group partially blocked the neuroprotection and differentiation ability of BHT （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:BHT pretreatment can effectively protect rat NSCs against OGD-induced injury and promoted proliferation and differentiation by up-regulating autophagy.

Clinical Effect of Addition and Subtraction Therapy of Wuhutang Combined with Qingjin Jianghuotang to Community Acquired Pneumonia in Children with Syndrome of Phlegm Heat Closing Lung / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To discuss clinical effect of addition and subtraction therapy of Wuhutang combined with Qingjin Jianghuotang to community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children with syndrome of phlegm heat closing lung, and to study the influence to inflammatory factors. Method:One hundred and forty patients were randomly divided into control group (69 cases) and observation group (71 cases) by random number table. Patients in two group of chidren got comprehensive symptomatic treatment measures of anti-infection, antipyretic, expectorant, antiasthmatic and respiratory support of inflammatory factors. The control group was treated with Lingyang Qingfei granules.1 g/time,3 time/day. Patients in observation group added addition and subtraction therapy of Wuhutang combined with Qingjin Jianghuotang, 1 dose/day. The courses of treatment in two groups were 7 days. And temperature, time of antipyretic, time of complete antipyretic and rate of complete antipyretic at the 7th day after treatment were recorded. And release time and disappearance time of cough, expectoration, disappearance time of pulmonary rales and treatment failure were also recorded. And before and after treatment, scores of syndrome of phlegm heat closing lung were graded, and levels of serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected. Result:Analyzed by rank sum test, effect in observation group was better than that in control group (Z=2.106, P<0.05), and curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome was also better than that in control group (Z=2.119, P<0.05). Time of antipyretic, time of complete antipyretic, release time and disappearance time of cough and expectoration and disappearance time of pulmonary rales were all shorter than those in control group (P<0.01). Rate of complete antipyretic at the 7th day after treatment in observation group was 96.92%（63/65） higher than 82.81%（53/64） in control group (χ2=7.085, P<0.05). Failure rate of treatment was 9.23%（6/65） lower than 23.44%（15/64） in control group (χ2=4.775, P<0.05). And major symptom, physical sign score, minor symptom score, the total score of syndrome of phlegm heat closing lung and levels of hs-CRP, PCT, TNF-α and IL-6 were all lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Conclusion:On the basis of comprehensive anti-infection treatment, addition and subtraction therapy of Wuhutang combined with Qingjin Jianghuotang can control the clinical symptoms, and the advantages of rapid onset, rapid symptom regression, short course of disease can be found, and it can also reduce the inflammatory reaction, control the progress of the disease. The complete antipyretic rate, disease efficacy and TCM syndrome efficacy are better.

Mechanism of melanoma growth inhibition by exogenous mitochondria / 药学学报

Alterations of mitochondrial structure and function in tumor cells allow cell survival and proliferation under hypoxic and acidic microenvironment. The effect of normal mitochondria on tumor initiation and development remains unknown. In this study, mice were euthanized by rapid cervical dislocation for isolation of hepatic mitochondria, which were injected intravenously to melanoma-bearing mice. This animal experiment had been approved by Southwest University Experiment Animal Ethics Review Committee. The results showed that exogenous mitochondria can significantly inhibit the growth of melanoma. Mitochondria isolated from the liver of young mice had more potent anti-melanoma effect than those isolated from aging mice. The average volume of tumors decreased significantly from 1.35 cm3 to 0.34 cm3, and the average mass of tumors decreased significantly from 0.63 g to 0.22 g. This anti-tumor mechanism might be associated with induction of mitophagy and cell necrosis after the exogenous mitochondria entering the melanoma cells. As mitotherapy can clinically improve somatic cell survival for treatment of pediatric patients with myocardial ischemia, the observed anti-tumor effect of exogenous mitochondria provides a hope for selective tumor treatment.

Drug management of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome / 中国当代儿科杂志

This article reviewed the Consensus Recommendations on Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) from the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference in 2015 and the literature related to drug management of ARDS. The main points of drug management of pediatric ARDS were summarized.

Sharp injuries among health care workers in Xuzhou / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To investigate the occurrence and reporting of sharp injuries among health care workers (HCWs)at all levels of hospitals in Xuzhou City,provide evidences for formulating protective measures against sharp injuries and improving the reporting system.Methods From July to August 2016,13 hospitals in Xuzhou City were randomly selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling method,the general information,occurrence of sharp injuries,and reporting situation was performed questionnaire survey.Results A total of 2 694 valid question-naires were collected,incidence,case incidence,and reporting rate of sharp injuries were 10.32%,12.84%,and 30.64% respectively.Case incidence of sharp injuries among HCWs in primary,secondary,and tertiary hospitals were 44.83%,11.53%,and 12.52% respectively,case incidences of sharp injuries in different levels of hospitals were significantly different (χ2＝55.148,P＜0.001).The main opportunity for sharp injuries was when HCWs re-turned needle cap (79 cases,22.83%),the main device involving sharp injuries was hollow-bore needle (297 cases, 85.84%).Incidences of sharp injuries among HCWs receiving different training were significantly different (χ2＝66.760,P＜0.001).Conclusion Current situation of sharp injuries among HCWs in this region is not optimistic, there are some problems such as poor training efficacy,low reporting rate and low use rate of safety devices,effec-tive measures should be taken to establish an effective monitoring and tracking system for sharp injuries,so as to re-duce the occurrence of sharp injuries.

Effects of miR-29s Family on the Biological Behaviors of Glioma Stem Cells / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-29s in the glioma stem cells,and explore how the members of miR-29s affect the bio-logical behaviors of glioma stem cells. Methods Eight patient specimens were used to culture glioma stem cells. Real-time PCR was adopted to test the expression of miR-29s. CCK-8 analysis was performed to test the proliferation ,Transwell was used to test cell migration and invasion ,and flow-cytometry analysis was carried out to test apoptosis. Results miR-29a,miR-29b and miR-29c were decreased in glioma stem cells. Over-ex-pression of miR-29s could inhibit the proliferation,cell migration and invasion,but promote apoptosis of glioma stem cells. Conclusion miR-29s acts as a cancer suppressor gene in the glioma stem cells ,and miR-29a plays the dominant functional role in the family.

Effects of Different Concentrations and Exposure Time of Sodium Hypochlorite on the Structural, Compositional and Mechanical Properties of Human Dentin / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study evaluated the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOC1) with different concentrations and exposure time on the structural,compositional and mechanical properties of human dentin in vitro.Sixty dentin slabs were obtained from freshly extracted premolars,randomly distributed into four groups (n=15),and treated with 1％,5％,10％ NaOC1 and distilled water (control group),respectively,for a total of 60 min.Attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were carried out before,10 min and 60 min after the treatment.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and flexural strength test were conducted as well.The results showed that dentins experienced morphological alterations in the NaOC1 groups,but not in the control group.Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed that the carbonate:mineral ratio (C:M),Raman relative intensity (RRI),a-axis,c-axis length and full width at half maximum (FWHM) with the increase of time and concentration in the NaOC1 groups were not significantly different from those in the control group (P＞0.05).Nevertheless,the mineral:matrix ratio (M:M) increased and the flexural strength declined with the increase of concentration and the extension of time in the NaOC1 groups (P＜0.05).Additionally,it was found that the M:M and the flexural strength remained unchanged after 1％ NaOCl treatment (P＞0.05),and the morphology changes were unnoticeable within 10 min in 1％ NaOC1 group.These results indicated that NaOC1 has no significant effects on the inorganic mineral of human dentin;but it undermines and eliminates the organic content concentration-and time-dependently,which in turn influences the flexural strength and toughness of dentins.In addition,an irrigation of 1％NaOCl within 10 min can minimize the effects of NaOC1 on the structural and mechanical properties of dentin during root canal treatment.

Synthesis and evaluation of 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9(11)-en-28-oate-13β, 28-olide as a potent anti-inflammatory agent for intervention of LPS-induced acute lung injury / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to synthesize 2-Cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9(11)-en-28-oate-13β, 28-olide (1), a lactone derivative of oleanolic acid (OA) and evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity. Compound 1 significantly diminished nitric oxide (NO) production and down-regulated the mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Further in vivo studies in murine model of LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) showed that 1 possessed more potent protective effects than the well-known anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone by inhibiting myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, reducing total cells and neutrophils, and suppressing inflammatory cytokines expression, and thus ameliorating the histopathological conditions of the injured lung tissue. In conclusion, compound 1 could be developed as a promising anti-inflammatory agent for intervention of LPS-induced ALI.

Dictamni Cortex powder-induced liver injury based on integrated evidence chain / 中国中药杂志

A typical clinical case of taking Dictamni Cortex(Baixianpi) powder was analyzed to study liver damage caused by Dictamni Cortex. Liver damage was diagnosed according to the integrated evidence chain method recommended by the Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Herb-Induced Liver Injury. By analyzing clinical history and biochemistry and imaging examinations, underlying diseases, such as viral hepatitis, autoimmune liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, were excluded. Through the investigation of medication history, we made it clear that the patient only took Dictamni Cortex powder during the period, and thus suspected that the liver injury was induced by Dictamni Cortex. Furthermore, the quality of the drug was tested, and the results showed it was consistent with the quality standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. DNA barcoding showed that the drug was 100% similar with Dictamnus dasycarpus. Moreover, exogenous harmful substances and chemical drug additions were tested, and the results showed that the content of heavy metal, pesticide residues and microbial toxin were consistent with the required standards, and no chemical drug additions were found in Agilent Fake TCM-Drugs database. In summary, we confirmed that the clinical case of drug-induced liver injury was induced by D. dasycarpus with the dose of 15 g•d⁻¹, which exceeded the prescribed amount of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. According to the Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Herb-Induced Liver Injury, the case of drug-induced liver injury induced by D. dasycarpus was confirmed, which provided a direct and reliable evidence for the study of risk of liver injury induced by D. dasycarpus and its relevant preparations.

miR-200c Regulates RMP7-mediated Increases of Blood-tumor Barrier Permeability by Targeting RhoA / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To study the mechanism of miR?200c in regulating RMP7?induced increases of blood?tumor barrier(BTB)permeability by targeting Ras homolog gene family member A(RhoA). Methods Endogenous expression of miR?200c was detected by real?time PCR in hu?man cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3(ECs)after RMP7 treatment. miR?200c mimic and miR?200c inhibitor were transfect?ed into GECs(ECs with U87 glioma cells co?culturing),respectively. Transfection efficiency of miR?200c mimic and miR?200c inhibitor were de?termined by real?time PCR. HRP flux and TEER assays revealed BTB permeability. The protein expression level of RhoA was assessed by West?ern blotting. The distribution of RhoA was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. RhoA luciferase assays were performed using the Dual?Lucif?erase reporter assay system. Results RMP7 significantly induced a decrease in miR?200c expression in GECs of BTB. miR?200c mimic and miR?200c inhibitor were successfully transfected into GECs. Overexpression of miR?200c inhibited endothelial leakage and restored normal transendo?thelial electric resistance values. Simultaneously ,overexpression of miR?200c significantly reduced the protein expression level of RhoA. In addi?tion,immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the distribution of RhoA in the cytoplasm and nuclei of GECs were decreased in miR?200c mimic group. RhoA was one of the direct targets of miR?200c with the specific binding site being located at the seed sequence. The results of miR?200c si?lencing were opposite to that of the miR?200c overexpression group. Conclusion miRNA?200c regulated RMP7?induced increases in BTB perme?ability by targeting RhoA.

Effects of shikonin on stemness maintance of glioma stem cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of shikonin on stemness maintance of glioma stem cells ( GSCs ). Methods After the U87-MG cells were cultured and isolated, the sphere cells were identified by immuno-fluorescent staining. The alteration of stemness of GSCs by shikonin treatment(2 μmol·L - 1 ) for 12 h, 24 h and 48 h was valued by morphological detection using optical microscope and sub-sphere forming assay. Mo-reover, the related markers of stem cells, such as CD133, were detected in shikonin treated GSCs by western blot assay. Protein expression of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt and p-Akt was detected by western blot af-ter shikonin treatment alone. Furthermore, by combi-nation with insulin-like growth factor-1 ( IGF-1), we observed the alteration of stemness maintance of shiko-nin-treated GSCs. Results The presence of neural stem cell related markers CD133 and nestin proved the characteristics of GSCs. Shikonin treatment significant-ly inhibited the morphology of GSCs and the sub-sphere forming. Besides, the reduced expression of CD133 was detected in shikonin treated GSCs. Though, the expression of PI3K and Akt did not change compared with the control group, the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt was reduced. Furthermore, the combination of IGF-1 markedly attenuated the inhibitory effect of shikonin on stemness maintance of GSCs. Conclusion The stemness maintance of GSCs can be significantly inhibited by shikonin treatment, in which PI3K/ Akt pathway is involved.

Signaling mechanisms in endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide-Ⅱ-enhanced permeability of the blood-tumor barrier / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the signaling mecha-nisms in endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide-Ⅱ( EMAP-Ⅱ)-induced increase in blood-tumor barri-er ( BTB ) permeability. Methods Relatively pure cerebral microvessel fragments were obtained from the cortex of 3-5 days old Wistar rats by using careful dis-section, enzyme digestion, and dextran centrifugation. Then, these fragments were seeded on dishes and cul-tured primarily. In vitro BTB models were constructed by co-cultivation of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells ( BMECs) with C6 glioma cells. Confluent mono-layers of co-cultured BMECs were divided randomly in-to 5 groups ( each n=6 ): control, EMAP-Ⅱ, H7 +EMAP-Ⅱ, C3 exoenzyme + EMAP-Ⅱ, and C3 ex-oenzyme + H7 + EMAP-Ⅱ groups. Transendothelial electric resistance values and horseradish peroxidase flux were measured to evaluate changes in the BTB permeability . The expression levels of tight junction-re-lated protein occludin and ZO-1 in BMECs were meas-ured by Western blot. Immunofluorescence was used to identify the expression and distribution of occludin and ZO-1 in BMECs. Also, Western blot were used to de-tect the expression levels of myosin light chain ( MLC) and phosphomyosin light chain ( pMLC ) in BMECs. Results Compared with control group, the BTB per-meability of EMAP-Ⅱ group was increased significant-ly. The expression levels of occludin and ZO-1 in BMECs were significantly decreased, accompanied with marked increase in the expression level of pMLC. These above-mentioned effects of EMAP-Ⅱ were sig-nificantly inhibited by pretreatment with H7 ( an inhib-itor of PKC ) or/and C3 exoenzyme ( an inhibitor of RhoA ) . Conclusion Signaling molecules PKC and RhoA play important roles in EMAP-Ⅱ-induced in-crease in BTB permeability; signaling pathways PKC-pMLC and RhoA-pMLC are involved in this process.

The influence of rhAng-1 on endothelial junctions of BBB after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was performed to determine whether recombinant human angiopoietin-1 (rhAng-1) decreases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion rats, whether RhAng-1 opens the BBB by affecting tight junction associated proteins zonnula occludin-1 (ZO-1), occludin and adherens junction protein vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rats were divided into eight groups randomly( n = 10): (1) sham-operated group; (2) ischemia group; (3)-(5) ischemia/reperfusion (middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) 12 h, 48 h, and 7 days) and 0.9% saline groups; (6)-(8) ischemia/reperfusion (MCAO/R 12 h, 48 h, and 7 days) and rhAng-1 groups. The Bee permeability was assessed by Evans blue extravasation. The messenger RNA and protein expressions of ZO-1, occludin, and VE-cadherin were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The BBB permeability and the brain infarct volume were significantly decreased after rhAng-1 injection. The expressions of ZO-1, occludin, and VE-cadherin were increased after rhAng-1 injection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>rhAng-1 may decrease the permeability of BBB in MCAO/R rats by upregulation of ZO-1, occludin, and VE-cadherin.</p>

miR-216b suppresses cell proliferation and invasion by targeting PKCα in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To elucidate whether miR-216b suppresses cell proliferation and invasion by targeting PKCα, thus to reveal the molecular mechanism that miR-216b functions as a tumor suppressor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PKCα 3'UTR-luciferase vector was constructed and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to examine the effect of miR-216b on luciferase activity. Nasopharyngeal cancer CNE2 cells were transfected with miR-216b mimics, and then qRT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the expressions of PKCa mRNA and protein. The effects of PKCα downregulation on cell proliferation and invasion were assessed after PKCα siRNA were transfected into CNE2 cells. CNE2 cells were cotransfected with miR-216b mimics and PKCα plasmid, and the proliferation of CNE2 cells was assayed using a MTS cell proliferation assay kit.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of dual-luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that miR-216b could bind to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of PKCα and inhibited the luciferase activity to 62.4% of that of the mimics control cells. The expressions of PKCα mRNA and protein were significantly down-regulated by 49.1% and 55.7%, respectively, in comparison with that of the control cells. siRNA-mediated downregulation of PKCα suppressed the proliferation and invasion ability of CNE2 cells, and could partially mimic the tumor-inhibiting effect of miR-216b. Moreover, the overexpressed PKCα may partially reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-216b on proliferation of CNE2 cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>miR-216b suppresses cell proliferation and invasion by targeting PKCα in NPC cells.</p>

The subgroup change of nitric oxide synthase in earlier period with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)and nervous nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in rats during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) and study if change will be happen in subgroup between eNOS and nNOS during earlier period of CI/R.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 60 Wistar rats weighting 200-280 g, supplied by Animal Center of China Medical University, were divided into 6 groups (n=10) (sham operation group; ischemia 1 h, 2 h group; reperfusion 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h group). Female and male was half-and-half. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced by a 2-hour suture occlusion of the unilateral middle cerebral artery, immediately after suture withdrawal to allow reperfusion, eNOS and nNOS expressions were examined by the method of immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>eNOS expressions increased in 1-hour during ischemia, keeping up with decreasing until reperfusion 2-hour. While nNOS expressions increased in 2-hour between ischemia and reperfusion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Changes of expression between eNOS and nNOS in rats during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion are different. This may be related with ischemia and reperfusion injury.</p>

The immunogenicity and safety of 10 microg recombination yeast hepatitis B vaccine applied in expanded population / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the feasibility of the 10 microg recombination yeast hepatitis B vaccine in the expanded applicable population group aged 5 - 18.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>People with both HBsAg and anti-HBs negative were selected to take two-stage clinical experiment and the safety and immunogenicity were observed. Safety observation was conducted in 925 subjects, while 568 for immunogenicity. The observation group (aged 5 - 18) included 493 subjects, and (age > 18) 75 enrolled in control group. For the observation group, there were three sub-groups including a child group (141, aged 5 - 6), early youth group (177, aged 12 - 13), and youth group (175, aged 16 - 18). Both groups were administered with 10 microg recombination yeast hepatitis B vaccines with 3 doses at 0 month, 1st month, 6th month. To assess the immunogenicity, the vaccination reactions were observed during the following 4 weeks in order to assess the vaccine safety. The blood samples were taken during 4 - 6 weeks after fully vaccinated, and then anti-HBs were tested with RIA and analyzed by comparing the positive rate of anti-HBs, the geometric mean titer (GMT) and the protective rate between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both observation and control group didn't show any general reactions, adverse events following immunization (AEFI) or coincidental cases when observed at 0.5 h, 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks after being vaccinated. The result of serum test showed, the positive rates of child group, early youth group, youth group and control group were respectively 100.00% (141/141), 97.18% (172/177), 98.29% (172/175) and 89.33% (67/75); the GMTs of anti-HBs were respectively 440.28, 875.38, 467.80, 131.06 U/L; the protective rates were respectively 100.00% (141/141), 97.18% (172/177), 97.14% (170/175) and 86.67% (65/75). The positive rate, GMT and protective rate of the experimental group were all higher than that of control group (chi(2)(positive rate) = 12.77, 5.12, 7.99; t(GMT) = 3.89, 4.13, 5.91; chi(2)(protective rate) = 16.81, 8.60, 8.44; P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This vaccine could be expanded to 5 - 18 year-old population with safety and effectiveness, the positive rate and protective rate of anti-HBs were both higher than that of control group.</p>

Magnetic resonance tracking of transplanted microglia labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles in the brain of normal rat and Alzheimer's disease model rat / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To explore the methods of labeling exogenous microglia with superparamagnetie iron oxide(SPIO)particles,and to monitor the labeled cells after transplantation into the normal rat and Alzheimer's disease(AD)model rat with MR scanning.Methods Microglia was labeled with SPIO particles by using transfection agent,hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope(HVJ-E).Then the microglias which were labeled with SPIO were injected into the internal carotid artery of normal rat (n=5)and AD model rat(n=5).Three days after transplantation,follow-up serial T2*-weighted gradient-echo MR imaging was performed at 7.0T MRI system.MR images were correlated with histological findings.Results In the brain of normal rat,the labeled microglias were demonstrated as several dotty signalintensity decrease on T2*-weighted MR images.The dotty spots were sporadic around the brain.Histological analysis showed that most prussian blue staining-positive cells were well correlated with the area where a signal intensity decrease was observed in MRI.MR could detect the signal intensity change caused by a few labeled cells.In the brain of AD model rat,MR scan showed a well-defined hypointensity area in the region of Aβ42 iniection.Signal intensity decrease was not obvious in the region of saline injection.The number of iron-positive cells(454±47)/mm2 at sites of Aβ42 injection was much higher than that(83±13)/mm2 of saline injection(P＜0.05). Conclusion MR can be used as a non-invasive means of detecting transplanted labeled microglia in vivo,with the potential for future clinical application in cell therapy of AD.

Effects of aluminum on the integrity of blood brain barrier in juvenile rats / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of aluminum on the integrity of blood brain barrier in juvenile rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 40-day old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to aluminium chloride by intraperitoneal injection, at a dose of Al3+ 0 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, respectively. Morris water amaze system was used to test the learning and memory ability. The Evans blue content in brain was analyzed after injection. The ultrastructure's change of the blood brain barrier (BBB) was observed with transmission electron microscope. The expression of occluding protein in BBB was determined by Western blot method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As compared with control group, the permeability of BBB in mid-level Al and high-level Al was enhanced (P <0.01), the expression of occluding protein was descended (P <0.01). The ultrastructures of the BBB were changed. No differences between every group on learning and memory ability (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Short time and low dose of Al might not change the ability of learning and memory in juvenile rats, however the permeability and ultrastructures of the BBB might be significantly changed.</p>

MiRE: a graphical R package for microRNA-related analysis / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide a set of useful analysis tools for the researchers to explore the microRNA data.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The R language was used for generating the Graphical Users Interface and implementing most functions. Some Practical Extraction and Report Language (Perl) scripts were used for parsing source files.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We developed a graphical R package named miRE, which was designated for the analysis of microRNA functions, genomic organization, etc. This package provided effective and convenient tools for molecular biologists to deal with routine analyses in microRNA-related research. With its help, the users would be able to build a desktop-centered microRNA research environment quite easily and effectively. miRE is freely available at http://www. biosino.org/-kanghu/WorkPresentation/miRE/miRE.html. A detailed user manual and tutorials with example code and image are also available.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>miRE is a tool providing an open-source, user-friendly, integrated interface for microRNA-related analysis. With its help, researchers can perform microRNA-related analysis more efficiently.</p>